Refactor code into multiple relevant components

The current codebase would benefit from improved modularity by refactoring into smaller, well-defined components. This will enhance maintainability, readability, and ease future development. Please analyze the existing structure, identify logical groupings, and break the code into separate, relevant components where appropriate.

Acceptance Criteria:
- Identify and extract related functionalities into distinct modules/components.
- Ensure minimal coupling between components and clear interfaces.
- Update imports and usages throughout the codebase accordingly.
- Confirm that all tests pass and existing functionality is preserved.