Consider reworking names: crop phase & related

In #3633, @slevis-lmwg [suggested](https://github.com/ESCOMP/CTSM/pull/3633#discussion_r2684055014) that it's weird to use `ANTHESIS` for one of the phase transitions, since that's not used anywhere else in the code, and it's the only one that's not consistent with a crop phase name. I agree, but this is probably best addressed as part of a bigger conversation about crop phase names. So we can discuss on this issue while that PR moves on.