Runtime error with NVHPC compiler for CAM6_3_125

### What happened?

After Rich Loft pointed out the issue of complex number accessors in the NVHPC compiler (https://github.com/ESCOMP/CAM/issues/881), I was able to build `cam6_3_125` with the `nvhpc/23.7` compiler on Derecho and his temporary workaround. However, the simulation failed with an unclear error message.

According to my debugging, the issue comes from these lines: https://github.com/ESCOMP/CAM/blob/cam_development/src/physics/cam/aerosol_optics_cam.F90#L38-L43.

If I change the current implementation from:
```
type aero_props_t
class(aerosol_properties), pointer :: obj => null()
end type aero_props_t
type aero_state_t
class(aerosol_state), pointer :: obj => null()
end type aero_state_t
```
to:
```
type aero_props_t
type(modal_aerosol_properties), pointer :: obj => null()
end type aero_props_t
type aero_state_t
type(modal_aerosol_state), pointer :: obj => null()
end type aero_state_t
```
Then the simulation built by the NVHPC compiler finishes successfully on Derecho.

I am not familiar with the modern Fortran features, so I do not know whether the issue here is a code bug or again a lack of support of modern Fortran standard by the NVHPC compiler. Maybe @fvitt could help provide more information here.

### What are the steps to reproduce the bug?

- git clone https://github.com/ESCOMP/CAM
- cd CAM
- git checkout cam6_3_125
- ./manage_externals/checkout_externals
- Manually replace the "aerosol_optics_cam.F90" code with Rich's and my revisions
- cd cime/scripts
- ./create_test SMS_Ln9.f19_f19_mg17.F2000dev.derecho_nvhpc.cam-outfrq9s

### What CAM tag were you using?

cam6_3_125

### What machine were you running CAM on?

CISL machine (e.g. cheyenne)

### What compiler were you using?

NVHPC

### Path to a case directory, if applicable

/glade/derecho/scratch/sunjian/SMS_Ln9.f09_f09_mg17.F2000dev.derecho_nvhpc.cam-outfrq9s.20231227_132550_dfpib6

### Will you be addressing this bug yourself?

No

### Extra info

_No response_