Add Python linting checks for PRs using GitHub Actions

Understanding GitHub Actions: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/about-github-actions/understanding-github-actions

Building and Testing with Python: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/use-cases-and-examples/building-and-testing/building-and-testing-python#introduction

Using Ruff to Lint and/or Format Code: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/use-cases-and-examples/building-and-testing/building-and-testing-python#using-ruff-to-lint-andor-format-code

The Ruff Linter: https://docs.astral.sh/ruff/linter/