Make the adapter compatible with the new dbt-core 1.11 features

New 1.11 was released: https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/dbt-versions/core-upgrade/upgrading-to-v1.11

Main things to do:
- [ ] Update `dbt-adapters` to a recent version that includes the new 1.11 functionality, but would be worth it to upgrade it to the latest stable version (1.22.3 as today https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-adapters/blob/stable/dbt-adapters/CHANGELOG.md)
- [ ] Start testing with 1.11 and check if there's any incompatibility
- [ ] Support for UDFs: ClickHouse supports right now SQL UDFs, so it looks interesting to support them in dbt as well. Issue to track this implementation: https://github.com/ClickHouse/dbt-clickhouse/issues/590
- [ ] Check if any deprecation warnings apply to the main adapter or to our guides examples.
- [ ] Check if documents and tests reflects that Python3.9 support is dropped in dbt and that support is added for 3.13.

Start with the linked dbt 1.11 upgrade guide and the dbt-adapters changelog, then inspect the adapter's current dependency, tests, guides, and Python-version documentation. Check compatibility with dbt-core 1.11, review deprecation warnings, and determine the required updates for dbt-adapters, UDF tracking, tests, examples, and Python 3.9/3.13 support.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.