Construct client from connection URL with parameters

### Use case
it should be possible to put configuration parameters for `Client` into a single connection string.

Example from JS client: https://github.com/ClickHouse/clickhouse-js/blob/main/examples/url_configuration.ts

### Describe the solution you'd like
* Implement `FromStr` for `Client` (?)
* `Client::from_url()` (?)

### Describe the alternatives you've considered

### Additional context
1.0 wishlist: feature parity with other clients.

Start with the Client configuration API and the linked clickhouse-js examples/url_configuration.ts example. Determine which Client parameters the connection URL must represent and whether the public entry point should be FromStr or Client::from_url. Done means a single connection string can construct a configured Client with the supported parameters.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.