ban `std::env::var`, and have one `ForestVars` structure

- We should have one struct where forest environment variables are described (for end users) and accessed (in code)
- Remove `documentation/src/environment_variables.md`, and have it link to the rustdoc for the above

These means we have:
- better control over environment variables
- documentation that stays up-to-date

We could also have an approach like #3370 or using https://docs.rs/figment/latest/figment/index.html for config

Cargo did something similar last year: https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/11588

_Originally posted by @aatifsyed in https://github.com/ChainSafe/forest/pull/4177#discussion_r1560771473_