[FeatureRequest] Enable Debug Logging for Functions

Related: https://github.com/Azure/azure-functions-host/issues/6879

**Describe the request: A clear and concise description.**
Make sure we are doing the following things to enable logging:

- Allow functions to have `logging.debug` (or equivalent in the language) to be logged and sent to the customer.
- The plan currently is for the host to send the logging levels used for each function and default to the worker and the worker will try to apply basic levels of filtering, and making sure the filtering is minimalistic to reduce a chance of over filtering.
- Also look at the plan for throttling and batching of the logs in such a way that the gRPC channel doesn't get overloaded when we send debug logs.

FYI: @AnatoliB @Francisco-Gamino @pragnagopa @fabiocav @anirudhgarg

Start with the related Azure Functions host issue and trace how the PowerShell worker currently receives and forwards logs. The request calls for debug-level logging, host-provided levels, minimal worker filtering, and throttling or batching over the gRPC channel; done means these behaviors are defined and implemented without overloading the channel.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.