Silent error when extensionBundle is misconfigured in host.json

We upgraded a .NET 6 in-process Azure Function to a .NET 8 isolated function running on Windows. Following this, our function was unable to run when depolyed to Azure, but was able to run locally. All settings in Azure were updated correctly, e.g. `netFrameworkVersion` set to `v8.0` and `FUNCTIONS_WORKER_RUNTIME` set to `dotnet-isolated`.

When starting the function, we would only see that it did not index any functions. There were no error messages or anything to help us diagnose the issue. The diag and troubleshooting steps in the portal gave no error descriptions either.

Eventually, we figured that this was caused by the `extensionBundle` property in our host.json file, which had the following value:
```
"extensionBundle": {
"id": "Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle",
"version": "[3.3.0, 4.0.0)"
}
```

#### Investigative information

Please provide the following:

- Timestamp: 2024-06-10
- Function App version: ~4
- Region: West Europe

#### Repro steps

Provide the steps required to reproduce the problem:

#### Related information

Provide any related information

* C# .NET 8

Source
Host.json:
```json
{
"version": "2.0",
"logging": {
"logLevel": {
"default": "Information"
},
"applicationInsights": {
"samplingSettings": {
"isEnabled": true
}
}
},
"extensionBundle": {
"id": "Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle",
"version": "[3.3.0, 4.0.0)"
}
}
```

Start with the host.json extensionBundle configuration shown in the issue and the Azure Functions host startup and function-indexing path. Reproduce the deployment-only failure using the stated bundle version range and compare local versus Azure behavior. Done means a misconfigured extensionBundle produces a useful error instead of silently indexing no functions.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.