Listener service for logging telemetry and diagnostics

Part of this issue is to define the problem statement.

Use cases & requirements

- Diagnostic logs
- Deferred logging
- Ability to log for static code that doesn't have an instance of ILogger
- Decouple raising an event from the component that is logging the event

Goal:

- [ ] Design document outlining requirements, use cases, and suggested implementation/pattern
- [ ] Create issue to track implementation of the feature

No files, tests, or entry points are named. Start by defining the diagnostic logs, deferred logging, and static-code logging use cases in a design document, including the suggested pattern; completion means the requirements and implementation approach are documented and a separate implementation issue is created.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.