Code shortcode For Jetpack and WordPress.com doesn't render well in AMP

@ashercantrell received a report from a customer today that, when using the syntaxhighlighter [code] shortcode on WordPress.com sites or Jetpack-enabled WordPress sites, one can see rendering issues. Namely, the text can escape the borders of the page.

You can see this, as an example, on this post: https://buildingsteps.wordpress.com/2019/02/03/typed-claims-in-asp-net-core-2-1/

On the AMP version, the text is rendered out past the edge of the screen:
https://buildingsteps.wordpress.com/2019/02/03/typed-claims-in-asp-net-core-2-1/amp/

**Ticket:** #2246096-zen

Start by reproducing the [code] shortcode rendering on the linked WordPress.com post and its AMP version, then inspect the plugin's styling and markup involved in that output. Done means syntax-highlighted code stays within the page borders on AMP without breaking the regular rendering.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.