Number Formatting: add new function to format a number to a short format

We currently have a very simple number format function available in the components package here:
https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/tree/d20049ade86703517f345f973fe9d6d9bc6c8baa/projects/js-packages/components/components/number-format

It would be nice if we had an additional utility to use a short format, for bigger numbers for example.

Here is how it's done in Calypso:
https://github.com/Automattic/wp-calypso/blob/9fb7ac149e55361c0c3a9639ad0caa5e15fc88b0/client/lib/format-number-compact/index.js

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Related issues:
- Deprecate i18n-calypso's `numberFormat`: https://github.com/Automattic/i18n-issues/issues/923
- Introduce `numberFormat` in Core: https://github.com/WordPress/gutenberg/issues/22628

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Reference: https://github.com/Automattic/jetpack/pull/24544/files#r883993113

Read projects/js-packages/components/components/number-format and compare the existing formatter with Calypso's client/lib/format-number-compact/index.js. The work is complete when the components package provides the requested short-format utility for larger numbers, with behavior aligned to the referenced implementation.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.