[ENHANCEMENT] Update run_dynamics_fast to use C++ MEX API instead of C API with mxArray

### Relation

The MATLAB mex function, [`run_dynamics_fast`](https://github.com/Airspace-Encounter-Models/em-core/blob/master/matlab/utilities-1stparty/runDynamicsFast/run_dynamics_fast.c) is used by multiple repositories, including `em-model-manned-bayes` to simulate aircraft trajectories with a 6DOF physics model.

The code currently uses the MATLAB C Matrix API which works with the [`mxArray`](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/apiref/mxarray.html) data structure.

### Description

Update the software to use the more modern [C++ MEX API](https://www.mathworks.com/help/matlab/cpp-mex-file-applications.html). If appropriate, casts should be updated to modern C++ style as well, per the Google C++ Style Guide on [casting](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html#Casting).

### Alternatives

The original source for `run_dynamics_fast` can be traced back to over a decade ago and the code does not take advantage of modern C++ features to improve robustness, efficiency, and ease of use. For long term substantiality of the code, an upgrade to the C++ MEX API is recommended.

### Additional

Issues #12 , #11 , #10 also address `run_dynamics_fast` but these other issues are expected to require significantly less resources to complete than this task focused on the C++ MEX API.

While the contributing guidelines does not define a style guide for C++, we currently recommend the [Google C++ Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html) for this issue.