Clang plugin segfaulting with unregistered passes

**Bug summary**
We are trying to get hipsycl to work with upstream Clang/LLVM. The fiber cpu backend seems to work, but when trying to use the plugin (`-fpass-plugin`) the compiler segfaults:

```
clang++:
.../llvm/include/llvm/IR/PassManager.h:782:
typename PassT::Result &llvm::AnalysisManager::getResult(IRUnitT &, ExtraArgTs...)
[IRUnitT = llvm::Module, ExtraArgTs = <>, PassT = llvm::PassInstrumentationAnalysis]:
Assertion `AnalysisPasses.count(PassT::ID()) && "This analysis pass was not registered prior to being queried"' failed.

clang: error: clang frontend command failed with exit code 134
```

**To Reproduce**
Install upstream Clang/LLVM and try to use the hipSYCL plugin with `HIPSYCL_USE_ACCELERATED_CPU` for an OMPHOST target so that the plugin is used.

**Expected behavior**
No crash :smiling_face_with_tear:

**Describe your setup**
* Using the branch from https://github.com/illuhad/hipSYCL/pull/765 which fixed compile-time issues with upstream Clang/LLVM.
* We are building hipsycl using a custom Bazel overlay which we will push into https://github.com/eomii/rules_ll as soon as we get this to work. For the plugin itself we are using `LLVM_ON_UNIX`, `HIPSYCL_WITH_ACCELERATED_CPU`, `HIPSYCL_COMPILER_COMPONENT`.
* For executables we emulate the `syclcc-clang` python script by adding `-D__HIPSYCL_OMPHOST_TARGET__`, `-fpass-plugin=...`, `-D__HIPSYCL_USE_ACCELERATED_CPU__`.

**Optional additional diagnostic information**
When using only `-fpass-plugin`, we get the error above. With `-mllvm -opt-bisect-limit=` (and trying various optimization levels) we only get

**Additional context**

* With `-fplugin`, the compiler just segfaults without any warnings, backtrace or anything. Just says `(Segmentation fault): clang++ failed: error executing command ...`.
* With `-fpass-plugin` we get the error posted at the top and a debug stacktrace (trying to make this somewhat readable :sweat_smile:)
```
clang++:
external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/llvm/include/llvm/IR/PassManager.h:782:
typename PassT::Result&llvm::AnalysisManager::getResult(IRUnitT &, ExtraArgTs...) [IRUnitT = llvm::Module, ExtraArgTs = <>, PassT = llvm::PassInstrumentationAnalysis]:
Assertion `AnalysisPasses.count(PassT::ID()) && "This analysis pass was not registered prior to being queried"' failed.

0. Program arguments: bazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-d2d72091753b/bin/external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/clang/clang++
-fcolor-diagnostics -v -fdebug-default-version=5 -fdebug-compilation-dir=. -Xarch_host -glldb
-c -fPIC
-D__HIPSYCL_ENABLE_OMPHOST_TARGET__
-fpass-plugin=bazel-out/k8-dbg/bin/external/@hipsycl.override/hipsycl-plugin.so
-D__HIPSYCL_USE_ACCELERATED_CPU__
-Xarch_host -MJbazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/sycl_example/main.cdf
-nostdlib++
-nostdinc++
-nostdlib
--gcc-toolchain=NONE
-resource-dir=bazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/clang/staging
-isystembazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libcxx/include
-isystembazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libcxxabi/include
-isystembazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/externa//@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libunwind/include
-isystembazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/external/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/clang/staging
-isystemexternal/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libcxx/include
-isystemexternal/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libcxxabi/include
-isystemexternal/@rules_ll.override.llvm_project_overlay.llvm-project/libunwind/include
-std=c++17
-I/mnt/hipSYCL/include -g -O0
-fno-omit-frame-pointer sycl_example/main.cpp
-o bazel-out/k8-dbg-ST-0fdaae6d89e0/bin/sycl_example/main.o

1. parser at end of file

2. Optimizer
#0 0x0000558af98250fa llvm::sys::PrintStackTrace(llvm::raw_ostream&, int) .../llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:569:11
#1 0x0000558af98252ab PrintStackTraceSignalHandler(void*) .../llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:636:1
#2 0x0000558af98232b6 llvm::sys::RunSignalHandlers() .../llvm/lib/Support/Signals.cpp:103:5
#3 0x0000558af982493e llvm::sys::CleanupOnSignal(unsigned long) .../llvm/lib/Support/Unix/Signals.inc:362:1
#4 0x0000558af9757ffe (anonymous namespace)::CrashRecoveryContextImpl::HandleCrash(int, unsigned long) .../llvm/lib/Support/CrashRecoveryContext.cpp:0:7
#5 0x0000558af9758463 CrashRecoverySignalHandler(int) .../llvm/lib/Support/CrashRecoveryContext.cpp:390:1
#6 0x00007f62f65111a0 (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x3e1a0)
#7 0x00007f62f6560f9c __pthread_kill_implementation /usr/src/debug/sys-libs/glibc-2.34-r13/glibc-2.34/nptl/pthread_kill.c:44:76
#8 0x00007f62f65110f2 gsignal /usr/src/debug/sys-libs/glibc-2.34-r13/glibc-2.34/signal/../sysdeps/posix/raise.c:27:6
#9 0x00007f62f64fb46a abort /usr/src/debug/sys-libs/glibc-2.34-r13/glibc-2.34/stdlib/abort.c:81:7
#10 0x00007f62f64fb395 _nl_load_domain /usr/src/debug/sys-libs/glibc-2.34-r13/glibc-2.34/intl/loadmsgcat.c:1177:9
#11 0x00007f62f6509df2 (/lib64/libc.so.6+0x36df2)
#12 0x00007f62f00e1f6b llvm::PassInstrumentationAnalysis::Result& llvm::AnalysisManager::getResult(llvm::Module&) .../llvm/include/llvm/IR/PassManager.h:784:23

clang: error: clang frontend command failed with exit code 134 (use -v to see invocation)
```

I will try to create a reproducer ready with CMake and upstream Clang/LLVM to make sure this is not coming from our custom toolchain. I believe this issue comes somewhere from changes in the passmanager implementations in upstream. Seems like pass registration is somehow broken.

I will investigate this further and post any findings.