feat(stark): add support for constraint tracking

We should add support for naming/tagging constraints in the AirBuilder to improve debugging. When a constraint fails, the debug builder currently reports only `"constraint not satisfied at instance {i}, row {r}"` with no indication of which logical rule was violated.

### Upstream work

- https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3/pull/1431 adds `NamedAirBuilder` and related debugging improvements
- https://github.com/0xMiden/miden-vm/pull/2856 refactors the Miden VM's constraint tagging approach (replaces the earlier PR #2713)

### Goals

- [ ] Integrate with Plonky3's `NamedAirBuilder` from https://github.com/Plonky3/Plonky3/pull/1431
- [ ] Improve the debug builder in `debug.rs` to report constraint names on failure
- [ ] Ensure zero overhead in production builds

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Ported from https://github.com/0xMiden/p3-miden/issues/29